Adaptability evaluation of fully mechanized coal mining under the condition of typical coal seam

Wang, Xin-feng; Ding, Wen-zhi; Tan, Guan-shuang

doi:10.21595/jme.2016.17888

Journal of Measurements in Engineering

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Adaptability evaluation of fully mechanized coal mining under the condition of typical coal seam

Xin-feng Wang¹

Wen-zhi Ding²

Guan-shuang Tan³

¹Hunan Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Engineering Safety, Xiangtan University, 411105 Xiangtan, China

^{2, 3, 1}School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, 411105 Xiangtan, China

Corresponding Author:

Xin-feng Wang

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Abstract

According to the characteristics of fully mechanized mining technique in thinner middle thick coal seam of Yuanzhuang coal mine, using the principle of fuzzy mathematics to build up the hierarchy analysis model of thinner middle thick coal seam mining technology of geological condition and comprehensive evaluation system. The influence factors and evaluation index of comprehensive evaluation model are obtained, the results can provide a theoretical basis and quantitative standard adaptability for thinner middle thick coal seam mining technology.

1. Introduction

At present our country mechanization technology for thin and thinner middle thick coal seam mining in thin is not mature, the coal seam mining is mostly used in blasting mining process. In the 1.3-2.0 m partial thin thick seam mining equipment manufacturing and difficult to use, the fully mechanized mining equipment especially thinner thick coal seam shearer technical performance is relatively backward, low production capacity and poor reliability. Especially when thinner thick seam is deep, complex geological conditions, mining such seams

of low economic efficiency, seriously restricting the development of thin, medium thick coal seam of coal mining technology [1-3]. Mass production practice shows that the economic benefits of mechanized mining, depends on the geological condition of coal seam. When the process system is determined, different coal seam condition will have different technical and economic effect. So, it is necessary to geological conditions of thinner middle thick coal seam fully mechanized coal mining geological condition evaluation.

2. Project overview

4111 working face of Yuanzhuang coal mine is the first mining face in the western mining area of Huaibei Mining Group. The working surface uses a single long wall mining method, fully caving method control the roof, the surface length is 131 m, strike length is 623 m, mining area is 81613 m², mining reserves is 164600 t. The surface located nioumian syncline, the west wing, close to the axis, 4coal seam, coal seam dip angle 10°-18°, the average dip 12°; coal thickness of 1.3-2 m, the average coal thickness of 1.54 m, which belongs to the partial thin to medium thick coal seam. Coal seam is basically stable, mining rates may be 100 %. The coal seam occurrence varies, generally contain a layer of gangue in coal seam, local two, the average thickness of 0.4 m. Coal seam immediate roof is thick sandstone of 6 m, immediate bottom is thick mudstone of 3.5 m.

3. Adaptability evaluation of fully mechanized mining technology

3.1. The purpose of evaluation

The main purpose of the evaluation is to the future of coal mining geological conditions for coal classification, provide the basis for evaluation of adaptability of the mining process, the value of comprehensive evaluation is one of the main parameters to predict the level of working face per unit area yield, which provides the basis for the level of per unit area yield reliable predictions, thus reliable guarantee the sustained and stable development of the future rational mining configuration and mine. The main features are the evaluation of working face as basic assessment unit [4]. After the high concentration of mine production, particularly sensitive to changes in economic and technical index of the whole mine working face per unit area yield changes, in order to ensure sustained and stable high yield of high yield and high efficiency coal mine, must be detailed and comprehensive understanding of the future mining working face of geological conditions. This is not only conducive to the layout of roadway, but also conducive to the reasonable working face replacement [5].

3.2. Evaluation method and content

A lot of methods to evaluate the adaptability of fully mechanized working face coal seam geological conditions, such as comprehensive index method, TOPSIS method, RSR method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, grey system method, this paper chooses a mature and strong method fuzzy comprehensive evaluation [6]. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is a comprehensive evaluation method based on fuzzy mathematics, the method according to the membership degree theory to quality evaluation to quantitative evaluation, the clear results can solve the problem of quantifying fuzzy. According to 4111 working face of Yuanzhuang coal mine is thin and thick coal seam geological condition of technical and economic characteristics of the working face, coal seam geological conditions of fully mechanized mining process of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.

The main contents of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in 4111 working face of coal seam geological conditions for adaptability evaluation are as follows [7]:

(1) The geological conditions in Huaibei mining area, mining coal mining process, technical and economic effects and security of information and experience, analysis of the relationship between geological factors impact on the process and effect of mining;

(2) The geological factors of mining technology summary of the influence law as the basis, the application of fuzzy mathematics method, to determine the weight function and the evaluation index system of factors structure and geologic factors, geological factors subordinate factors, comprehensive evaluation model;

(3) According to geological data provide by Yuanzhuang coal mine, dividing the work surface to be on the block before mining, comprehensive evaluation model of working face block, get the evaluation value $P_{i j}^{'}$ (0 $\leq P_{i j}^{'} \leq$ 1);

(4) On the basis of supplementary geological data and mining geological report disclosure,

the typical block (mined block) and evaluation, evaluation value after harvest $P_{i j}^{''}$ (0 $\leq P_{i j}^{'} \leq$ 1), $P_{i j}^{''}$ as the evaluation more practical;

(5) Reliability analysis of pre-harvest evaluation, using $R_{i j}$ as the pre harvest evaluation reliability, $R_{i j} = P_{i j}^{''} / P_{i j}^{'}$ , because the excavation uncovered always encounter changes in geological conditions of exploration has not been able to discover, so the $R_{i j} ≪$ 1;

(6) The working face block evaluation, to block before mining evaluation based on mining, evaluation of reliability as the correction coefficient, the block valuation value $P_{i j} = P_{i j}^{'} \times R_{i j}$ .

3.3. Structure factor evaluation and index

According to the system, a simple and feasible principles, combined with Yuanzhuang coal mine 4111 working face coal seam characteristics, selection of geological structure, coal thickness, coal seam stability, dip angle of coal seam, the seam roof and floor, seam hard and block size of 7 combined factors comprehensively reflects the coal seam geological conditions, factor structure as shown in Fig. 1 evaluation of concrete [8].

Fig. 1The flow to implement virtual optimization design and analysis

3.4. The membership function of evaluation factors

The membership function is a mathematical tool used to characterize the fuzzy set. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of geological conditions of coal seam, quantitative description of fuzzy rule changes affecting the evaluation factors of membership function is the geological factors on mining effect. Construction of membership function can be integrated by data summary, literature survey, mathematical statistics and expert experience, the fuzzy linear inductive method, method of undetermined coefficients, multiple fuzzy statistics and other appropriate methods [9].

Because of the 4111 working face is too thin to medium thick coal seam, coal bed geological data, geological data of 4111 mining reveals is not comprehensive collection, so the construction of membership function of evaluation factors is difficult. But the partial thin medium thick coal seam in Huaibei mining area is rich in resources, mining of thin coal seam long-standing experience data, relative-abundance. The membership function of each evaluation in this paper is mainly based on the factors of geological exploration data, Yuanzhuang coal mine on the existing research results, combined with the China University of Mining and Technology professor Zhang Dongsheng about coal mining geological aspects of the process evaluation.

The membership function of each evaluation factors are as follows [8]:

(1) The influence of fault:

1

μ_{a} = \frac{2}{[1 + e x p (0.0018 + 0.042 q_{1} + 0.064 q_{2} + 0.00071 q_{3})]} .

(2) Fold effect:

2

μ_{b} = \frac{10}{[1 + e x p (2.1975 + 0.0085 p_{1} + 1.3028 p_{2})]} .

(3) Coal thickness variation index:

3

μ_{C^{'}} (C^{'}) = \{\begin{array}{l} 1 - 2 (C^{')^{0.5}}, 0 \leq C' < 0.25, \\ 0, C' \geq 0.25 . \end{array}

(4) The thickness of coal seam:

4

μ_{h} (h) = \{\begin{array}{l} 0.25 h + 0.05, & 1 \leq h < 1.4, \\ 0.45 h - 0.23, & 1.4 \leq h < 2, \\ 0.12 h + 0.43, & 2 \leq h < 2.5, \\ 0.9 h - 1.52, & 2.5 \leq h < 2.8, \\ 1, & 2.8 \leq h < 3.5, \\ - 0.2 h + 1.7, & 3.5 \leq h < 4.5, \\ 0.7, & 4.5 \leq h < 5, \\ 1, & h \geq 5 . \end{array}

(5) Coal seam pitch:

5

μ_{d} (d) = \{\begin{array}{l} 1, & 0 \leq d < 10, \\ 1.2 - 0.02 d, & 10 \leq d < 20, \\ 1.275 - 0.025 d, & 20 \leq d < 25, \\ 1.4 - 0.3 d, & 25 \leq d < 30, \\ 1.7 - 0.04 d, & 30 \leq d < 35, \\ 1 - 0.02 d, & 35 \leq d < 45 . \end{array}

(6) Uniaxial compressive strength of immediate roof:

6

μ (r) = \{\begin{array}{l} 0.4, & r < 16, \\ L n (1.69 \times 1 0^{- 4} \times r^{2} + 0.012 r) + 0.71, & 16 \leq r < 30, \\ 1, & 30 \leq r < 40, \\ 1.8 - 0.02 r, & 40 \leq h < 80 . \end{array}

(7) The basic roof support:

7

μ_{N} (N) = \{\begin{array}{l} 0.05, & N < 0.1, \\ 0.4363 L n (N) + 1.0045, & 0.1 \leq N < 1, \\ 1.8 - 0.02 N, & N \geq 1 . \end{array}

(8) False roof thickness:

8

μ_{h 0} (h_{0}) = \{\begin{array}{l} 1, & h_{0} < 0.2, \\ - 3 h_{0} + 1.6, & 0.2 \leq h_{0} < 0.5, \\ 0.1, & h_{0} \geq 0.5 . \end{array}

(9) The bottom strength:

9

μ_{Q} (Q) = \{\begin{array}{l} 0.1, & Q < 7.2, \\ 0.51 l n Q - 0.91, & 7.2 \leq Q < 42, \\ 1, & Q \geq 42 . \end{array}

(10) Coal seam hardness:

10

μ_{R} (R) = \{\begin{array}{l} 0.1667 R, & 3 \leq R < 6, \\ 1, & 6 \leq R < 12, \\ - 0.04167 R + 1.5, & 12 \leq R < 18, \\ - 0.01389 R + 1, & 18 \leq R < 36, \\ - 0.0286 R + 1.528, & 36 \leq h < 50 . \end{array}

(11) The length of working face:

11

μ_{c} (c) = \{\begin{array}{l} 0.005 c - 0.1, & 40 \leq c < 60, \\ 0.015 c - 0.7, & 60 \leq c < 80, \\ 0.125 c - 0.5, & 80 \leq c < 100, \\ 0.00067 c + 0.482, & 100 \leq c < 130, \\ 0.0085 c - 0.275, & 130 \leq c < 150, \\ 1, & c \geq 150 . \end{array}

(12) The advancing length of working face:

12

μ_{s} (s) = \{\begin{array}{l} 0, & s \leq 100, \\ 0.5 l n (s) - 2.7, & 100 \leq s < 1000, \\ 1, & s \geq 1000 . \end{array}

3.5. Analysis of evaluation factors of weight

The weight factors evaluation of geological condition of coal seam, its essence is the quantitative description of the geological factors on the working face mining process influence the relative importance. To determine the weights of evaluation factors to the geological condition of coal seam mining law as the basis, taking the geological condition and mining process of mutual adaptation as the main content, make full use of the statistical data, research results and the experience of experts. At present, the most commonly used method is analytic hierarchy process [9, 10]. This method based on the expert knowledge of each other between the importance of each factor, which is clear concept, simple and strong pertinence, used to determine the weight of each specific working face of evaluation factors is feasible. Application of analytic hierarchy process method to obtain the weights of evaluation factors such as shown in Table 1.

Table 1Evaluation factors weight table of the geological condition of coal seam

Name of middle layer factors	The middle layer of weight factors	Name of based factors	Fundamental factors of weight
Geological structure	0.3585	Broken layer	0.2861
Geological structure	0.3585	Fold wrinkle	0.0724
Coal seam thickness	0.1028	Coal seam thickness	0.1028
Coal seam stability	0.0955	Coal seam stability	0.0955
Coal seam pitch	0.0427	Coal seam pitch	0.0427
Coal seam roof and floor	0.2210	Direct roof strength	0.0813
		Basic roof strength	0.0534
		False roof effect	0.0079
		Basic bottom strength	0.0784
Coal seam hardness	0.0652	Coal seam hardness	0.0652
Recoverable range of working face	0.1143	Arranged face length	0.0468
Recoverable range of working face	0.1143	Advancing face length	0.0675
Total	1	Total	1

3.6. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model

The weight distribution of geological conditions of coal seams of each evaluation factor is determined, weighted sum method to construct the comprehensive evaluation model. In $U$ coal seam geological condition evaluation of sample set, $U = \{u_{i j}\}$ , $i =$ 1,…, $m$ , $j =$ 1,… $n$ , $i$ is coal block number, $j$ is the serial number of evaluation factors, $n$ is the number of evaluation factors, $u_{i j}$ is $i$ coal block section $j$ factors with eigenvalues, the matrix can be expressed as:

13

U = [\begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{l} u_{11} \\ u_{21} \\ . . . \\ u_{m 1} \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} u_{12} \\ u_{22} \\ . . . \\ u_{m 2} \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} . . . \\ . . . \\ . . . \\ . . . \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} u_{1 n} \\ u_{2 n} \\ . . . \\ u_{m n} \end{array} \end{array}] .

The membership functions of the previous section $u_{i j}$ into the calculation, we can get the membership $w_{i j}$ of $u_{i j}$ , so the index value matrix can be transformed into index membership degree matrix:

14

W = [\begin{array}{l} \begin{matrix} w_{11} \\ w_{21} \\ . . . \\ w_{m 1} \end{matrix} & \begin{matrix} w_{12} \\ w_{22} \\ . . . \\ w_{m 2} \end{matrix} & \begin{array}{l} . . . \\ . . . \\ . . . \\ . . . \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} w_{1 n} \\ w_{2 n} \\ . . . \\ w_{m n} \end{array} \end{array}] .

Let $T$ as the set of weights of evaluation factors, $T = (t_{1}, t_{2}, \dots, t_{n})$ , we can get a comprehensive evaluation model of geological conditions of mining technology of working face by using the method of linear weighted average:

15

P = \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i = 1}^{m} T W^{T} .

In this type: $P$ is the comprehensive evaluation value.

The comprehensive evaluation value is greater, the coal seam geological conditions of fully mechanized mining can obtain better technical and economic effect.

3.7. Value and calculating the membership degree characteristics

Establishing the evaluation system model will feature various geological factors value by the member ship function, and calculation of membership. Characteristics of various factors obtained geological data available from Yuanzhuang coal mine, respective into corresponding function, which can calculate the membership degree of each index. Characteristic indexes of 4111 working face value and membership function is shown in Table 2.

Table 2Evaluation indexes and membership list

Name	Influencing factors		Characteristic value	Membership
Geological structure	Broken layer	Fault density	22.6	0.52
		Fault length	0.8
		Fault throw	12.7
	Fold wrinkle	Fold section coefficient	0.0015	1.0
		Fold surface coefficient	6.3e-07
Coal seam thickness	Coal seam thickness (m)		1.54	0.6
Coal seam stability	Coal thickness variation coefficient		0.28	0.96
Coal seam pitch	The average coal seam inclination		14	1.0
Coal seam roof and floor	Direct roof strength		22	0.8
	Basic roof strength		1.8	0.98
	False roof effect		0.5	1.0
	Basic bottom strength		22	0.73
Coal seam hardness	The comprehensive strength of coal seam		18	0.82
Recoverable range of working face	Arranged face length		131	1.0
	Advancing face length		623	1.0

3.8. The results of comprehensive evaluation and classification

After determining the index weight and the membership degree of evaluation, evaluation and calculation can be pre-harvest mechanized process adaptability according to the comprehensive evaluation model of the formula:

16

P_{0} = \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i = 1}^{m} T W^{T} {[\begin{array}{l} 0.2861 \\ 0.0724 \\ 0.1028 \\ 0.0955 \\ 0.0427 \\ 0.0813 \\ 0.0534 \\ 0.0079 \\ 0.0784 \\ 0.0652 \\ 0.0468 \\ 0.0675 \end{array}]}^{T} [\begin{matrix} 0.52 \\ 1.0 \\ 0.6 \\ 0.96 \\ 1.0 \\ 0.8 \\ 0.98 \\ 1.0 \\ 0.73 \\ 0.82 \\ 1.0 \\ 1.0 \end{matrix}] = 0.77 .

According to the comprehensive evaluation of the geological condition of coal seam in Yuanzhuang coal mine, the value of the evaluation of the working surface can be divided into four levels, as is shown in Table 3. Through the calculation of comprehensive evaluation, the final face value is 0.68, the comprehensive evaluation of 4111 working face, which belongs to the 2 level, mining condition is good, can be used in fully mechanized mining technique, the theory of fully mechanized mining technology in 4111 working face can achieve high yield and high efficiency.

Table 3Classification analysis in fully mechanized face of Yuanzhuang coal mine

Evaluation grade	Evaluation results	Mining conditions
1 Level	> 0.8	Much better
2 level	0.65-0.80	Good
3 level	0.50-0.65	General
4 level	< 0.5	Relatively poor

4. Conclusions

1) Based on the general situation of geological engineering mine, using the theory of fuzzy mathematics to set up a comprehensive evaluation of thick seam mining technology of thin geological condition system, on the face can carry out comprehensive quantitative analysis.

2) Through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, analysis of the weight and membership degree of evaluation factors structure index and evaluation factors, the evaluation of the geological condition of coal seam in Yuanzhuang coal mine are obtained. In order to determine the comprehensive evaluation of the working surface belongs to 2 grade, mining condition is good, it can be used in fully mechanized mining technique, the theory of fully mechanized mining technology in the working face can achieve high yield and high efficiency.

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About this article

Received

27 October 2016

Accepted

29 October 2016

Published

31 December 2016

DOI

https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2016.17888

Keywords

the thinner middle thick coal seam

fully mechanized mining technique

the principle of fuzzy mathematics

comprehensive evaluation

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by Hunan Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Engineering Safety (Grant No. 16GES10) and Xiangtan University Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 15XZX41).

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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X.- Wang, W.- Ding, and G.- Tan, “Adaptability evaluation of fully mechanized coal mining under the condition of typical coal seam,” Journal of Measurements in Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 209–216, Dec. 2016, https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2016.17888

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TY  - JOUR
DO  - 10.21595/jme.2016.17888
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2016.17888
TI  - Adaptability evaluation of fully mechanized coal mining under the condition of typical coal seam
T2  - Journal of Measurements in Engineering
AU  - Wang, Xin-feng
AU  - Ding, Wen-zhi
AU  - Tan, Guan-shuang
PY  - 2016
DA  - 2016/12/31
PB  - JVE International Ltd.
SP  - 209-216
IS  - 4
VL  - 4
SN  - 2335-2124
SN  - 2424-4635
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@article{Wang_2016,
	doi = {10.21595/jme.2016.17888},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2016.17888},
	year = 2016,
	month = {dec},
	publisher = {{JVE} International Ltd.},
	volume = {4},
	number = {4},
	pages = {209--216},
	author = {Xin-feng Wang and Wen-zhi Ding and Guan-shuang Tan},
	title = {Adaptability evaluation of fully mechanized coal mining under the condition of typical coal seam},
	journal = {Journal of Measurements in Engineering}
}

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[1]X. Wang, W. Ding, and G. Tan, “Adaptability evaluation of fully mechanized coal mining under the condition of typical coal seam,” Journal of Measurements in Engineering, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 209–216, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.21595/jme.2016.17888.

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Wang, Xin-feng, Wen-zhi Ding, and Guan-shuang Tan. “Adaptability Evaluation of Fully Mechanized Coal Mining under the Condition of Typical Coal Seam.” Journal of Measurements in Engineering 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 209–16. https://doi.org/10.21595/jme.2016.17888.

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Adaptability evaluation of fully mechanized coal mining under the condition of typical coal seam

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Project overview

3. Adaptability evaluation of fully mechanized mining technology

3.1. The purpose of evaluation

3.2. Evaluation method and content

3.3. Structure factor evaluation and index

3.4. The membership function of evaluation factors

3.5. Analysis of evaluation factors of weight

3.6. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model

3.7. Value and calculating the membership degree characteristics

3.8. The results of comprehensive evaluation and classification

4. Conclusions

References

About this article

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