Simulation of T-junctions two phases separation characteristics

Wu, Hao; Zhou, Xiaojun; Ma, Jingjing

doi:10.21595/vp.2019.20866

Vibroengineering Procedia

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Published: 26 September 2019

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Simulation of T-junctions two phases separation characteristics

Hao Wu¹

Xiaojun Zhou²

Jingjing Ma³

^{1, 2, 3}School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author:

Xiaojun Zhou

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Abstract

When the two phases pass through the bifurcated pipe of the T-shaped pipe, the ratio of the two-phase of the main pipe and the branch pipe generally changes. This paper uses FLUENT to simulate the separation characteristics of a two-phase mixture of high-viscosity oil and water in a T-pipe, and studies the effect of different structures (the height of the branch pipe, the number of branch pipes, and the spacing of the branch pipes) on the separation characteristics. The results show that the number of branch pipes and the spacing of the branch pipes have a great influence on the separation efficiency of the two phases.

Simulation of T-junctions two phases separation characteristics

Highlights

T-junction
two-phases separation
Numeral Calculations

1. Introduction

The T-shaped pipe is composed of a straight pipe and a branch pipe which are vertically orthogonal, and is often used as a pipe branch in the fluid conveying pipe system [1, 2]. When the two-phase medium enters the T-shaped branching pipe from one end of the main pipe, the main pipe is downstream and branches. The ratio of the oil and water phases in the pipeline generally changes, which is called phase distribution [3, 4]. In biomedical science, the phase distribution of the T-tube main tube and the branch tube is also utilized for drainage, such as the use of a T-tube for bile drainage. In addition, since the arrangement of the main blood vessels and the branch vessels in humans is similar to the T shape, studying the phase distribution phenomenon of the T-shaped tubes has a great effect on biomedicine. Therefore, this paper uses FLUENT to carry out numerical simulation of the separation characteristics of high water-containing and high-viscosity oil-water mixtures passing through T-pipes, and studied the T-pipe structure (branched pipe height, number of branch pipes, branch pipe spacing) for separation. The influence of characteristics provides some theoretical basis and reference for industrial applications.

2. Numerical simulation

In this paper, with the CFD commercial software FLUENT, the influence of different branch pipe spacing, branch pipe height and number of branch pipes on phase distribution is analyzed. At the same time, this simulation ensures the reliability of the simulation through multiple sets of experiments and grid-independent detection.

2.1. Geometric model and meshing

The geometric model is shown in the Fig. 1 and The WorkBench is used to divide the T-tube into grids. First before the solid geometry model built by Solidworks imports and subdivides the mesh. Mesh division as shown in Fig. 2 The left port of the geometric model is the inlet of the oil-water mixture. After the oil-water mixture flows in, after the front inlet section is stabilized, the horizontal and vertical diversions are carried out through the intersection of the main pipe and the branch pipe.

Fig. 1Geometric model

Fig. 2Meshing

2.2. Boundary conditions and model settings

In order to study the separation characteristics of high water content oil-water mixture in T-pipe, the simulated case is a 93 % water content oil-water mixture. The physical properties of oil and water two phases are shown in Table 1:

Table 1Physical properties of oil and water (20 °C)

Fluid	Density (kg/m³⁾	Viscosity (kg/ms)
Water	998.2	0.001003
Oil	900.5	0.200000

The boundary condition at the inlet is set to be the velocity inlet. In order to make the oil-water mixture a stable mixed stratified flow, the velocity inlet at the inlet is set to 0.3 m/s according to Trallero’s [5] experimental flow rate profile. The boundary condition at the outlet is out flow, and the split ratio of the two outlets is defined as 0.5:0.5.

Considering the particle diameter of the oil phase is relatively large, there is an interaction between the oil phase molecules and the water molecules [6, 7], so the Eulerian model is chosen. The Euler model considers the two phases as a continuous medium that penetrates each other and takes into account the interaction between the two phases.

According to the mass conservation law, the continuity equation is:

1

\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (α_{k} ρ_{k}) + \nabla (α_{k} ρ_{k} {\vec{u}}_{k}) = 0,

2

\sum_{k = 1}^{2} α_{k} = 1 .

The conservation equation for the momentum can be expressed by:

3

\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (α_{k} ρ_{k} {\vec{u}}_{k}) + \nabla (α_{k} ρ_{k} {\vec{u}}_{k} {\vec{u}}_{k}) = - \nabla (α_{k} p) - \nabla \bar{\bar{τ_{k}}} + α_{k} ρ_{k} g

+ α_{k} ρ_{k} (F_{K} + F_{l i f t, k} + F_{v m, k}) + K_{k l} ({\vec{u}}_{k} - {\vec{u}}_{l}) .

In case the particle diameter is relatively large, the following lift force must be taken into account:

4

F_{l i f t} = - 0.5 α_{k} ρ_{k} |u_{k} - u_{l}| (\nabla \times u_{l})

The exchange coefficient $K_{k l}$ for the oil/water two-phase flow can be written in the following general form:

5

K_{k l} = \frac{α_{k} (α_{k} ρ_{k} + α_{l} ρ_{l}) f}{τ_{k l}},

where $τ_{k l}$ is the particulate relaxation time and $f$ is the drag function, defined as:

6

τ_{k l} = \frac{(α_{k} ρ_{k} + α_{l} ρ_{l}) (\frac{d_{k} + d_{l}}{2})}{18 (α_{k} μ_{k} + α_{l} μ_{l})},

7

f = \frac{C_{D} R_{e}}{24},

8

C_{D} = \frac{24 (1 + 0.15 R_{e}^{0.687})}{R_{e}}, R_{e} \leq 1000,

9

C_{D} = 0.44, R_{e} > 1000,

10

R_{e} = \frac{ρ_{k} |u_{k} - u_{l}| d_{k}}{μ_{k}},

where is $d$ the particle size, $u$ is the kinetic viscosity, $C_{D}$ is the drag coefficient and $R_{e}$ is the Reynolds number.

For the stratified flow and the two-phase density ratio close to 1, the mixture $k$ - $ε$ turbulence model can be used to calculate the turbulence characteristics [8, 9]. $k$ and $ε$ equations are follows:

11

\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (ρ_{m} k) + \nabla (ρ_{m} u_{m} k) = \nabla (\frac{μ_{t, m}}{α_{k}} \nabla_{k}) + G_{k, m} - ρ_{m} ε,

12

\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (ρ_{m} ε) + \nabla (ρ_{m} u_{m} ε) = \nabla (\frac{μ_{t, m}}{α_{ε}} \nabla_{ε}) + \frac{ε}{k} (C_{1 ε} G_{k, m} - C_{2 ε} ρ_{m} ε),

where, the mixture density $ρ_{m}$ and the mixture velocity $u_{m}$ are defined as:

13

ρ_{m} = \sum_{k = 1}^{N} α_{k} ρ_{k},

14

u_{m} = \frac{\sum_{k = 1}^{N} α_{k} ρ_{k} u_{k}}{\sum_{k = 1}^{N} α_{k} ρ_{k}} .

The turbulent viscosity $μ_{t, m}$ and the production of turbulence kinetic energy $G_{k, m}$ , can be computed from:

15

μ_{t, m} = ρ_{m} C_{μ} \frac{k^{2}}{ε},

16

G_{k, m} = μ_{t, m} [\nabla u_{m} + (\nabla u_{m})^{T}] : \nabla u_{m} .

3. Results

Because the oil-water mixture has a low oil content, in order to more clearly show the separation efficiency, the separation efficiency is defined as:

17

η = |\frac{μ_{o 1}}{μ_{i}} - \frac{μ_{o 2}}{μ_{i}}| .

$μ_{o 1}$ represents the oil phase flow at the oil phase outlet, $μ_{o 2}$ represents the oil phase flow at the water phase outlet, $μ_{i}$ represents the oil phase flow at the inlet.

3.1. Number of branch pipes

The initial setting of the pipe diameter $D =$ 150 mm, in order to explore the influence of the number of branches and the separation characteristics, numerical simulation of the T-shaped pipes of 8 sets of different branch pipes respectively, the parameter setting is shown in Table 2.

Table 2Numbers of branch pipes

No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Number of branch pipes	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8

The results are shown in Fig. 3. In the figure, we can see that the separation efficiency of the oil-water two-phase in the T-shaped pipe increases significantly with the increase of the number of branch pipes.

Fig. 3Separation efficiency under different branch numbers

Since the phase distribution of one time does not allow the oil phase to fully enter the upper oil phase outlet pipe, increasing the number of branch pipes can increase the number of phase distributions. The multi-branched pipe can continue to phase-distribute the oil-water mixture after the phase distribution, so that the oil phase that does not enter the upper pipeline in the main pipeline can flow more into the upper oil pipe, thereby improving the separation efficiency of the two phases.

3.2. branched pipe height

In order to make the simulation data more obvious, we use the T-pipe of the 3-branch pipe to simulate the height of the branch pipe. the parameter setting is shown in Table 3. $D =$ 150 mm, branch pipe spacing is 4D.

Table 3Branched pipe height

No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Branched pipe height	1D	2D	3D	4D	5D	6D	7D	8D	9D

The results are shown in Fig. 4. In the figure, we can see that the separation efficiency of the oil-water two phases did not change significantly with the change of the height of the branch pipe.

This is because the separation effect of the oil-water two-phase is mainly caused by the phase distribution effect, and the branch pipe height has little effect on the phase distribution, and the branch pipe and the main pipe flow do not change due to the change of the branch pipe height. Therefore, the separation efficiency does not have a significant effect as the height of the branch pipe changes.

Fig. 4Separation efficiency under different branched pipe heights

3.3. Branch pipe spacing

In order to explore the effect of branch pipe spacing on separation efficiency, we also set 8 groups. The parameter setting is shown in Table 4 branched pipe height is 4D.

Table 4Branched pipe height

No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Branch pipe spacing	1D	2D	3D	4D	5D	6D	7D	8D	9D

From the Fig. 5, we can see that when the interval between the branch pipes is short, the separation efficiency of the oil-water two phases is not high, even lower than the separation efficiency when the single branch pipe is used. The separation efficiency will increase with the increase of the spacing of the branch pipes. When the branch pipes are separated by a certain distance, the separation efficiency remains basically unchanged. When the branch pipe spacing is from 1D to 2D, there will be a significant increase in efficiency. When the branch pipe spacing is from 3D to 7D, the separation efficiency has a slow increase with the increase of the pitch. After the distance between the branch pipes reaches a certain distance, the separation efficiency of the two phases remains unchanged when the branch pipe spacing is 7D to 9D.

Fig. 5Separation efficiency under different branched pipe spacing

When the oil-water mixture flows through the main pipe and the cross pipe, the flow pattern of the oil-water mixture changes, from the state of the original stratified flow to the other state, and if the interval of the branch pipe is not very long, the state of the oil-water mixture is not very stable. When passing through the next branch pipe, because it is not a state of stratified flow, the phase distribution effect cannot be achieved very well. Therefore, when the interval between the branch pipes is short, the separation efficiency is poor. With the increase of the spacing of the branch pipes, the oil-water mixture has a sufficient distance between the two branch pipes to re-establish the smooth flow of the oil phase and the water phase under the action of gravity, and the flow pattern is changed into a stratified flow.

4. Conclusions

An increase in the number of branch pipes can improve the separation efficiency. The greater the spacing of the branch pipes, the higher the separation efficiency. The height of the branch pipe has little effect on the separation efficiency.

References

Yang L., Azzopardi B. J., Belghazi A., et al. Phase separation of liquid-liquid two-phase flow at a T-junction. AICHE Journal, Vol. 52, Issue 1, 2010, p. 141-149.

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Zheng Zhi Chu, Wu Ying Xiang, Li Qing Ping et al. A study on the combined separator for oil/water/gas mixtures. Shipbuilding of China, Vol. 46, 2005, p. 543-549, (in Chinese).

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Wren E., Azzopardi B. J. The phase separation capabilities of two T-junctions placed in series. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, Vol. 82, Issue 3, 2004, p. 364-371.

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Mohamed M. A., Soliman H. M., Sims G. E. Experimental investigation of two-phase flow splitting in an equal-sided impacting tee junction with inclined outlets. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 35, Issue 6, 2011, p. 1193-1201.

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Trallero J. L., Sarica C., Brill J. P. A study of oil-water flow patterns in horizontal pipes. SPE Production and Facilities, Vol. 12, Issue 3, 1997, p. 165-172.

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Wang Li Yang, Wu Ying Xiang, Zheng Zhi Chu, et al. Oil-water two-phase flow inside T-junction. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Vol. 20, Issue 2, 2008, p. 147-153.

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Chen J. L., He L. M., Luo X. M., et al. Simulation of oil-water two phase flow and separation behaviors in combined T junctions. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B, Vol. 24, Issue 6, 2012, p. 848-857.

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Shuang Y., Sihan A., Ce S., et al. Numerical simulation on oil-water two-phase flow in T-Tube of gathering pipeline. Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2015.

Search CrossRef
Yang L. M., Zhao L. L., Leng Y. X. Phase split of oil-water two-phase flows at a T-junction with a vertically downward branch. Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 550-553, 2012, p. 2977-2980.

Publisher

About this article

Received

19 June 2019

Accepted

25 July 2019

Published

26 September 2019

SUBJECTS

Mathematical models in engineering

DOI

https://doi.org/10.21595/vp.2019.20866

Keywords

T-shaped pipe

two-phases

separation characteristics

FLUENT

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51574161).

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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H. Wu, X. Zhou, and J. Ma, “Simulation of T-junctions two phases separation characteristics,” Vibroengineering PROCEDIA, Vol. 26, pp. 100–105, Sep. 2019, https://doi.org/10.21595/vp.2019.20866

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TY  - JOUR
DO  - 10.21595/vp.2019.20866
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21595/vp.2019.20866
TI  - Simulation of T-junctions two phases separation characteristics
T2  - Vibroengineering PROCEDIA
AU  - Zhou, Xiaojun
AU  - Wu, Hao
AU  - Ma, Jingjing
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2019/09/26
PB  - JVE International Ltd.
SP  - 100-105
VL  - 26
SN  - 2345-0533
SN  - 2538-8479
ER  - 

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@article{Zhou_2019,
	doi = {10.21595/vp.2019.20866},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.21595/vp.2019.20866},
	year = 2019,
	month = {sep},
	publisher = {{JVE} International Ltd.},
	volume = {26},
	pages = {100--105},
	author = {Xiaojun Zhou and Hao Wu and Jingjing Ma},
	title = {Simulation of T-junctions two phases separation characteristics},
	journal = {Vibroengineering {PROCEDIA}}
}

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[1]X. Zhou, H. Wu, and J. Ma, “Simulation of T-junctions two phases separation characteristics,” Vibroengineering PROCEDIA, vol. 26, pp. 100–105, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.21595/vp.2019.20866.

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Zhou, Xiaojun, Hao Wu, and Jingjing Ma. “Simulation of T-Junctions Two Phases Separation Characteristics.” Vibroengineering PROCEDIA 26 (September 26, 2019): 100–105. https://doi.org/10.21595/vp.2019.20866.

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Simulation of T-junctions two phases separation characteristics

Abstract

Highlights

1. Introduction

2. Numerical simulation

2.1. Geometric model and meshing

2.2. Boundary conditions and model settings

3. Results

3.1. Number of branch pipes

3.2. branched pipe height

3.3. Branch pipe spacing

4. Conclusions

References

About this article

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